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| Sir Terence Lewin | | Sandy Woodward | Jeremy Moore | Julian Thompson | Tony Wilson }} | commander2 = | Juan Lombardo | Ernesto Crespo | Mario Menéndez }} | strength1 = | strength2 = | casualties1 = | 775 wounded | 115 PoWs|group=nb}} ---- | 2 destroyers | 2 frigates | 1 LSL ship | 1 LCU craft | 1 container ship ---- | 24 helicopters | 10 fighters | 1 bomber }} |casualties3 = 3 civilians killed by British shelling |notes = |campaignbox = | casualties2 = }} The Falklands War (), also known as the Falklands Conflict, Falklands Crisis, and the ''Guerra del Atlántico Sur'' (Spanish for "South Atlantic War"), was a ten-week war between Argentina and the United Kingdom over two British overseas territories in the South Atlantic: the Falkland Islands and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands. It began on Friday, 2 April 1982, when Argentina invaded and occupied the Falkland Islands (and, the following day, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands) in an attempt to establish the sovereignty it had claimed over them. On 5 April, the British government dispatched a naval task force to engage the Argentine Navy and Air Force before making an amphibious assault on the islands. The conflict lasted 74 days and ended with the Argentine surrender on 14 June 1982, returning the islands to British control. In total, 649 Argentine military personnel, 255 British military personnel, and three Falkland Islanders died during the hostilities. The conflict was a major episode in the protracted confrontation over the territories' sovereignty. Argentina asserted (and maintains) that the islands are Argentinian territory,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Argentine to reaffirm Sovereignty Rights over The Falkland Islands )〕 and the Argentine government thus characterised its military action as the reclamation of its own territory. The British government regarded the action as an invasion of a territory that had been a Crown colony since 1841. Falkland Islanders, who have inhabited the islands since the early 19th century, are predominantly descendants of British settlers, and favour British sovereignty. Neither state, however, officially declared war (both sides did declare the Islands areas a war zone and officially recognised that a state of war existed between them) and hostilities were almost exclusively limited to the territories under dispute and the area of the South Atlantic where they lie. The conflict has had a strong impact in both countries and has been the subject of various books, articles, films, and songs. Patriotic sentiment ran high in Argentina, but the outcome prompted large protests against the ruling military government, hastening its downfall. In the United Kingdom, the Conservative Party government, bolstered by the successful outcome, was re-elected the following year. The cultural and political weight of the conflict has had less effect in Britain than in Argentina, where it remains a continued topic for discussion.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Cómo evitar que Londres convierta a las Malvinas en un Estado independiente )〕 Relations between the United Kingdom and Argentina were restored in 1989 following a meeting in Madrid, Spain, at which the two countries' governments issued a joint statement. No change in either country's position regarding the sovereignty of the Falkland Islands was made explicit. In 1994, Argentina's claim to the territories was added to its constitution. ==Lead-up to the conflict== (詳細はJorge Rafael Videla and General Roberto Eduardo Viola late in March 1981Argentina had been in the midst of a devastating economic stagnation and large-scale civil unrest against the military ''junta'' that had been governing the country since 1976. In December 1981 there was a further change in the Argentine military regime bringing to office a new ''junta'' headed by General Leopoldo Galtieri (acting president), Brigadier Basilio Lami Dozo and Admiral Jorge Anaya. Anaya was the main architect and supporter of a military solution for the long-standing claim over the islands,〔 〕 calculating that the United Kingdom would never respond militarily. By opting for military action, the Galtieri government hoped to mobilise the long-standing patriotic feelings of Argentines towards the islands, and thus divert public attention from the country's chronic economic problems and the regime's ongoing human rights violations.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Ministerio de Educación, Ciencia y Tecnología de la Nación )〕 Such action would also bolster its dwindling legitimacy. The newspaper ''La Prensa'' speculated in a step-by-step plan beginning with cutting off supplies to the Islands, ending in direct actions late in 1982, if the UN talks were fruitless.〔Jimmy Burns: ''The land that lost its heroes'', 1987, Bloomsbury Publishing, ISBN 0-7475-0002-9.〕 The ongoing tension between the two countries over the islands increased on 19 March when a group of Argentine scrap metal merchants (actually infiltrated by Argentine marines) raised the Argentine flag at South Georgia, an act that would later be seen as the first offensive action in the war. The Royal Navy ice patrol vessel was dispatched from Stanley to South Georgia in response, subsequently leading to the invasion of South Georgia by Argentine forces on 3 April. The Argentine military junta, suspecting that the UK would reinforce its South Atlantic Forces,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=''En Buenos Aires, la Junta comenzó a estudiar la posibilidad de ocupar las Islas Malvinas y Georgias antes de que los británicos pudieran reforzarlas'' )〕 ordered the invasion of the Falkland Islands to be brought forward to 2 April. Britain was initially taken by surprise by the Argentine attack on the South Atlantic islands, despite repeated warnings by Royal Navy captain Nicholas Barker and others. Barker believed that Defence Secretary John Nott's 1981 review (in which Nott described plans to withdraw the ''Endurance'', Britain's only naval presence in the South Atlantic) sent a signal to the Argentines that Britain was unwilling, and would soon be unable, to defend its territories and subjects in the Falklands. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Falklands War」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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